Constipation is passage of hard, dry bowel movements, or less frequent movements, often fewer than three times a week. People who are constipated may find it difficult and painful to have a bowel movement.
Symptoms
Symptoms of constipation include:
- Bloating
- Gas
- Infrequent or hard bowel movements
- Rectal pain or bleeding
Risk Factors
Risk factors for constipation include:
- Inadequate intake of dietary fiber and/or water
- Medications: for example, pain or high blood pressure medicines
- Lack of exercise
- Travel
- Other medical problems
Treatment Options
Treatment options for individuals with constipation vary and may include the following:
- Follow a special diet, high in fiber
- Drink plenty of fluids
- Take over-the-counter laxatives or stool softeners, as needed
- Incorporate probiotics into your diet
- Treat underlying medical conditions, if necessary
Diagnostic Testing
The foremost diagnostic test for any condition is a thorough exam and consultation with a physician, including a review of your individual and family history. In addition, your physician may recommend any of the following tests or procedures, which may provide further diagnostic value:
- Anorectal manometry
- Blood tests
- Imaging tests (which may include one or more of the following: ultrasound, x-ray, CT scan, MRI scan)
- Stool tests
- Colonoscopy