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Liver Cancer

Learn more about symptoms, risk factors and treatment options.

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What is it?

Liver cancer is cancer that starts in the liver. There are many forms of liver cancer. Most liver cancers begin in liver cells and are called hepatocellular carcinoma or malignant hepatoma. 

According to the National Cancer Institute, 15,000 men and 6,000 women are diagnosed each year with primary liver cancer (cancer that begins in the liver). Most are over the age of 64. 

 

Symptoms

Symptoms of liver cancer include:

  • Abdominal pain or discomfort 
  • Abdominal swelling 
  • Jaundice 
  • Palpable mass 
  • Weight Loss

When to see a doctor

If you have symptoms that concern you and they’re consistent with liver cancer, it’s time to see a doctor. If you’re a higher risk of developing liver cancer because of preexisting conditions, you should be closely monitored. 

Causes and risk factors

 Risk factors for developing liver cancer include:

  • Infection with hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus
  • Cirrhosis due to heavy alcohol consumption
  • Hemochromatosis and fatty liver associated with obesity and diabetes
  • Hemochromatosis or other iron storage diseases
  • Aflatoxin (a harmful substance made by certain types of mold)

Treatment options

If you have liver cancer, treatment may include:

  • Surgery
  • Targeted therapy
  • Chemotherapy
  • Radiation therapy

Testing

Your doctor can help you determine if you have liver cancer. They also may recommend the following tests or procedures:

  • Blood test
  • Imaging tests (ultrasound, x-ray, CT scan, MRI scan)
  • Liver biopsy

Prevention

Liver cancer can be prevented by treating hepatitis B and C and hemochromatosis, as well as controlling diabetes and obesity. In general, primary liver cancer is associated with the development of cirrhosis. Preventing cirrhosis could help prevent liver cancer.

Additional conditions

Ulcerative Colitis

Pancreatic Cancer

Helicobacter Pylori