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Hepatitis A

Learn more about symptoms, risk factors and treatment options.

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What is it?

Hepatitis A is a virus that causes inflammation of the liver. It’s usually found in the stool or blood of an infected person. Some people who have hepatitis A don’t have symptoms. This means that many more people are infected than are diagnosed.

 

Symptoms

Symptoms of hepatitis A include:

  • Anemia 
  • Fatigue 
  • Jaundice 
  • Joint pain 
  • Rash

When to see a doctor

If you have symptoms that resemble with hepatitis A, it’s time to see a doctor. 

 

Causes and risk factors

You can get hepatitis A if:

  • You eat food or drink water that has been contaminated by stools (feces) containing the virus (fruits, vegetables, shellfish, ice and water)
  • You touch the stool or blood of a person who has hepatitis A
  • A person with hepatitis A does not wash their hands properly after going to the bathroom and touches other objects or food
  • You participate in sexual activities that involve oral-anal contact

Risk factors for developing hepatitis A include:

  • International travel, especially to developing countries
  • IV drug use
  • Living with an infected individual
  • Participating in sexual activities that include oral-anal contact

 

Treatment options

Treatment options for hepatitis A vary. Sometimes, the condition resolves on its own over a period of weeks or months.

Testing

Your doctor can help you determine if you have hepatitis A. They also may recommend imaging tests (ultrasound, x-ray, CT scan, MRI scan).

 

Prevention

There are 3 ways to prevent hepatitis A:

  • The hepatitis A vaccine: The hepatitis A vaccine is for adults at high risk of getting the virus and children between 12 and 23 months. 
  • Immune globulin (antibodies): To get short-term immunity from antibodies, you must receive them before exposure or within 2 weeks of being exposed to the virus.
  • Lifestyle changes: Avoid tap water or foods washed in untreated water when traveling internationally. Practice good hygiene, including frequent hand washing and sanitation.

 

Additional conditions

Cirrhosis of the Liver

Acid Reflux, Heartburn and GERD

Barrett’s Esophagus