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Helicobacter Pylori

Learn more about symptoms, risk factors and treatment options.

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What is it?

H. pylori is a common bacterium. It can cause peptic ulcers by damaging the stomach lining (mucosa). This lining produces a mucous coating that protects the stomach. When the mucous coating is damaged, strong stomach acid can get through to the lining. Together, the stomach acid and H. pylori irritate the lining of the stomach or duodenum and cause an ulcer.

Most people infected with H. pylori never develop ulcers. We don’t know why the bacterium causes ulcers in some people and not in others. It likely depends on your body’s makeup and the type, or strain, of H. pylori.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a H. pylori infection include:

  • Abdominal pain or discomfort 
  • Belching

 

When to see a doctor

It’s normal to have occasional abdominal distress like cramping, bloating or belching. If your symptoms have not resolved within a few days, or if they persist, it’s time to see a doctor.

 

Causes and risk factors

We don’t know the exact cause of H. pylori. It may be spread if you touch infected fecal matter, saliva or vomit, or contaminated food or water. If you were born in South or Central America, Africa or Asia, you’re at higher risk of developing H. pylori.

Treatment options

If you’re infected with H. pylori, your doctor may recommend drug therapy through acid-blocking medications and antibiotics. 

Testing

Your doctor can help you determine if you have H. pylori. They may recommend the following tests or procedures:

  • Endoscopy
  • Stool tests

Prevention

We don’t know with certainty how H. pylori spreads, so it’s difficult to prevent. Make sure to:

  • Wash hands with soap and water after using the bathroom and before eating
  • Eat food that has been washed well and cooked properly
  • Drink water from a clean, safe source

 

Additional conditions

Crohn’s Disease

Colon Polyps and Colon Cancer

Hepatitis C